Giải đề"​In many countries, the cost of using public transport is rising rapidly. What are the causes of this problem? What solutions can be implemented to address it?"IELTS WRITING TASK 2(Đề thi 23/12/2023 + 11/10/2025)

Bên cạnh Phân tích bài essay về "The number of visitors in the UK" IELTS WRITING TASK 1 (table), IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn Giải đề"​In many countries, the cost of using public transport is rising rapidly. What are the causes of this problem? What solutions can be implemented to address it?"IELTS WRITING TASK 2(Đề thi 23/12/2023)

In many countries, the cost of using public transport is rising rapidly. What are the causes of this problem? What solutions can be implemented to address it?

• Dạng 2 question thì đã rất quen thuộc với các bạn học sinh lớp IELTS ONLINE WRITING 1 KÈM 1 của IELTS TUTOR rồi nhé
• Dạng 2 question có thể bố cục bài như sau:
  • Body 1: Trả lời câu hỏi 1 
    • Main idea 1: Public transport services face escalating operational costs, including fuel, maintenance, labor, and infrastructure expenses. 
      • Supporting idea: As these costs rise, operators may need to adjust fares to cover expenditures and maintain service quality.
      • Example: The recent surge in global fuel prices has significantly impacted Australian public transport operators. Sydney Trains, for example, estimated that the increase in diesel costs would add an additional $30 million to their annual expenses.>> IELTS TUTOR có hướng dẫn kĩ Hướng dẫn đề thi IELTS 21/11/2020 bài WRITING TASK 1 (map) về school library (kèm bài sửa cho HS đi thi)
    • Main idea 2: Expanding and upgrading public transport infrastructure requires substantial investments. 
      • Supporting idea: Governments and transport agencies may increase fares to secure funding for infrastructure projects aimed at improving services and meeting growing demand.
      • Example: The ongoing expansion of Sydney's Light Rail network necessitated increased fares to cover construction and operation costs. While some commuters expressed concerns, the project aims to address the city's growing transport needs and reduce reliance on private vehicles, ultimately improving overall mobility and accessibility.
  • Body 2: Trả lời câu hỏi 2 
    • Main idea 1: Increased government subsidies and funding for public transport can help offset operational costs, allowing operators to maintain or lower fares for passengers.
      • Supporting idea: 
        • Government subsidies can directly reduce the financial burden on passengers by covering a portion of the operational costs. 
        • This enables public transport operators to maintain affordable fare structures, making transportation more accessible to a broader segment of the population.
      • Example: The New South Wales government increased subsidies for Senior Opal Cards, offering free travel during off-peak hours and significantly discounted fares at other times. This policy recognizes the financial constraints of senior citizens and promotes their greater reliance on public transport for daily activities.>> IELTS TUTOR có hướng dẫn kĩ PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI THẬT TASK 1 (Complaint letter) NGÀY 04/8/2020 IELTS WRITING GENERAL MÁY TÍNH (kèm bài được sửa hs đi thi)
    • Main idea 2: Engaging in public-private partnerships can bring additional funding and expertise into public transport projects, reducing the financial burden on public agencies and potentially leading to more stable fare structures.
      • Supporting idea: This infusion of additional funds can help address financial constraints faced by public agencies, allowing for the expansion, improvement, or maintenance of public transport services without solely relying on public funding.
      • Example: The G:Link light rail system in Gold Coast was originally developed through a PPP and later acquired by the government. This partnership demonstrates the flexibility of PPPs, allowing them to be tailored to specific needs and potentially transitioned to public ownership over time.

IELTS TUTOR gợi ý bài tham khảo:

Here’s a Band 8.0 IELTS Writing Task 2 essay (300 words) based on your draft, with bolded new vocabulary, detailed Vietnamese explanations, synonyms/antonyms, and grammar analysis at the end.

Band 8.0 Essay

The continual rise in public transport fares (giá vé giao thông công cộng) has become a pressing issue in many cities worldwide. This essay will discuss the underlying causes of this trend and propose feasible measures to address it.

One major reason for this upward trend (xu hướng tăng lên) is the escalating operational costs (chi phí vận hành ngày càng tăng) that transport providers must bear. These include fuel prices (giá nhiên liệu), maintenance expenses (chi phí bảo trì), labor costs, and infrastructure fees. As these expenditures grow, operators are often compelled to raise fares to maintain service quality and ensure financial stability. For instance, the recent spike in global fuel prices (sự tăng vọt giá nhiên liệu toàn cầu) has significantly strained Australian public transport systems. Sydney Trains, for example, estimated that the increase in diesel costs would add approximately $30 million to their annual operating budget. Another contributing factor is the large-scale expansion (sự mở rộng quy mô lớn) and modernization of public transport networks, which demand substantial capital investment (đầu tư vốn đáng kể). Governments often raise fares to finance these projects and enhance commuting efficiency (nâng cao hiệu quả di chuyển) and urban connectivity (kết nối đô thị).

To mitigate this issue, governments can provide increased subsidies (tăng trợ cấp) and additional funding to offset operational costs. Such financial assistance enables operators to maintain affordable fares, thus making transport more accessible to lower-income groups (dễ tiếp cận hơn cho nhóm thu nhập thấp). Furthermore, forming public-private partnerships (quan hệ đối tác công tư) can attract external investment and expertise, easing the financial burden on public authorities. For example, the G:Link light rail project in the Gold Coast was initially developed through such a partnership, ensuring cost-sharing and long-term sustainability.

In conclusion, rising transport prices primarily stem from increasing operational costs and infrastructure development, but these can be alleviated through government subsidies and private collaboration.

🔹 New Vocabulary List

1. Public transport fares (giá vé giao thông công cộng)
   Synonyms: ticket prices, travel charges, transportation fees
   Antonyms: free rides, complimentary transport, zero-fare service
   IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The continual rise in public transport fares has become a pressing issue.

2. Upward trend (xu hướng tăng lên)
   Synonyms: increase, escalation, growth
   Antonyms: decline, drop, decrease
   IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: One major reason for this upward trend is the escalating operational costs.

3. Escalating operational costs (chi phí vận hành ngày càng tăng)
   Synonyms: rising expenses, growing costs, mounting expenditures
   Antonyms: falling costs, reduced expenses, decreasing expenditures
   IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The escalating operational costs that transport providers must bear.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

4. Spike in global fuel prices (sự tăng vọt giá nhiên liệu toàn cầu)
   Synonyms: surge, jump, escalation
   Antonyms: drop, slump, fall
   IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The recent spike in global fuel prices has significantly strained Australian public transport systems.

5. Substantial capital investment (đầu tư vốn đáng kể)
   Synonyms: significant funding, considerable expenditure, major outlay
   Antonyms: minor spending, small-scale funding, limited investment
   IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The modernization of public transport networks demands substantial capital investment.

6. Enhance commuting efficiency (nâng cao hiệu quả di chuyển)
   Synonyms: improve travel convenience, boost transport performance, increase mobility efficiency
   Antonyms: reduce efficiency, hinder mobility, worsen convenience
   IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Governments often raise fares to finance projects and enhance commuting efficiency.

7. Urban connectivity (kết nối đô thị)
   Synonyms: city linkage, urban integration, metropolitan network
   Antonyms: urban isolation, disconnection, segregation
   IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Such projects aim to improve urban connectivity.

8. Increased subsidies (tăng trợ cấp)
   Synonyms: additional funding, higher grants, expanded support
   Antonyms: reduced subsidies, funding cuts, withdrawal of support
   IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Governments can provide increased subsidies to offset operational costs.

9. Accessible to lower-income groups (dễ tiếp cận hơn cho nhóm thu nhập thấp)
   Synonyms: affordable, available, reachable
   Antonyms: unaffordable, inaccessible, exclusive
   IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Making transport more accessible to lower-income groups.

10. Public-private partnerships (quan hệ đối tác công tư)
    Synonyms: joint ventures, cooperative agreements, collaborative projects
    Antonyms: sole public management, full privatization, independent operation
    IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Forming public-private partnerships can attract external investment and expertise.

🔹 Difficult Grammar Structures

1. “As these expenditures grow, operators are often compelled to raise fares to maintain service quality and ensure financial stability.”
   → Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân + bị động với “be compelled to” (bị buộc phải)
   → Dịch: Khi các khoản chi này tăng lên, các nhà điều hành thường buộc phải tăng giá vé để duy trì chất lượng dịch vụ và đảm bảo sự ổn định tài chính.

2. “Governments often raise fares to finance these projects and enhance commuting efficiency and urban connectivity.”
   → Mệnh đề song song (to finance... and enhance...)
   → Dịch: Chính phủ thường tăng giá vé để tài trợ cho các dự án này và nâng cao hiệu quả di chuyển cũng như khả năng kết nối đô thị.

3. “Such financial assistance enables operators to maintain affordable fares, thus making transport more accessible to lower-income groups.”
   → Cấu trúc “thus + V-ing” chỉ kết quả (do đó...)
   → Dịch: Sự hỗ trợ tài chính như vậy giúp các nhà điều hành duy trì giá vé phải chăng, do đó khiến giao thông công cộng dễ tiếp cận hơn với nhóm thu nhập thấp.>> IELTS TUTOR gợi ý tham khảo CẦN VIẾT & THU ÂM BAO NHIÊU BÀI ĐỂ ĐẠT 8.0 SPEAKING & 7.0 WRITING?

4. “Rising transport prices primarily stem from increasing operational costs and infrastructure development, but these can be alleviated through government subsidies and private collaboration.”
   → Cấu trúc đảo ngữ nhẹ với “but these can be alleviated” (tham chiếu bằng đại từ “these”)
   → Dịch: Giá vé giao thông ngày càng tăng chủ yếu xuất phát từ chi phí vận hành và phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng, nhưng những vấn đề này có thể được giảm bớt nhờ trợ cấp của chính phủ và sự hợp tác tư nhân.

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